ACTIVE and PASSIVE VOICES (BENTUK AKTIF dan PASIF)

Kata kerja transitif mempunyai dua voice, aktif dan pasif.

1)      Active Voice (Bentuk Aktif) – di sini orang, binatang, atau benda yang ditunjuk oleh subject dikatakan melakukan sesuatu pada sesuatu yang lain:

Roni killed a tiger = Roni membunuh seekor harimau.

(di sini orang yang ditunjukkan oleh subjek yaitu Roni, melakukan sesuatu pada seekor harimau)

2)      Passive Voice (Bentuk Pasif) – di sini orang, binatang, atau benda dikatakan menderita/mendapat sesuatu dari sesuatu yang lain:

A tiger was killed by Roni = Seekor harimau dibunuh oleh Roni.

(di sini binatang yang ditunjukkan oleh subject adalah seekor harimau, menderita sesuatu dari Roni)

Rumus Bentuk Pasif

To be + Past Participle

 

a)      Kata kerja intransitive tidak digunakan dalam bentuk pasif, kecuali apabila kata kerja itu menggunakan cognate object dalam bentuk aktif:

Aktif – She sang a fine song = ia menyanyikan sebuah nyanyian merdu.

Pasif – A fine song was sung by her = sebuah nyanyian merdu dinyanyikan olehnya.

b)      Apabila kalimat diubah dari bentuk aktif ke pasif, objek untuk kata kerja aktif menjadi subjek untuk kata kerja pasif.

Objek untuk kata kerja aktif:

Linda can make tarts = Linda dapat membuat kue tar.

Subjek untuk kalimat pasif:

Tarts can be made by Linda = Tar dapat dibuat oleh Linda.

c)       Retained Object (Objek yang tetap dipakai/ dipertahankan dalam pasif)

Dua buah objek dalam kalimat aktif, ketika diubah menjadi kalimat pasif, masih tetap ada sebuah objek dipertahankan, objek yang dinamakan Retained object.

Objek ini mungkin:

Objek tak langsung dari kata kerja aktif, atau objek langsung dari kata kerja aktif.

Kata kerja aktif        : We gave him a prize = kami memberinya hadiah

Kata kerja pasif        : A prize was given him by us = hadiah diberikan padanya oleh kami

d)      Kapan saja kata kerja transitif dari prediksi tak lengkap diubah dari bentuk aktif ke pasif, komplemen objektif menjadi komplemen subjektif.

Active Voice                                                        Passive Voice

       Komplemen untuk Objek                              Komplemen untuk subjek

They elected him president                         He was elected president (by them)

= Mereka memilih dia menjadi presiden     = Dia dipilih menjadi presiden (oleh mereka)

Berikut adalah contoh kalimat-kalimat aktif yang diubah menjadi kalimat-kalimat pasif dalam bentuk tenses:

Active		Passive
Simple Present
1.	Mary eats rice.	1.	Rice is eaten by Mary.
2.	Mary doesn’t eat rice.	2.	Rice isn’t eaten by Mary.
3.	Does Mary eat rice?	3.	Is rice eaten by Mary?
4.	What does Mary do?	4.	What is done by Mary?
5.	What does Mary eat?	5.	What is eaten by Mary
Present Continuous
1.	Mary is eating rice.	1.	Rice is being eaten by Mary.
2.	Mary isn’t eating rice.	2.	Rice isn’t being eaten by Mary.
3.	Is Mary eating rice?	3.	Is rice being eaten by Mary?
4.	What is Mary doing?	4.	What is being done by Mary?
5.	What is Mary eating?	5.	What is being eaten by Mary?
Present Perfect
1.	Mary has eaten rice.	1.	Rice has been eaten by Mary.
2.	Mary hasn’t eaten rice.	2.	Rice hasn’t been eaten by Mary.
3.	Has Mary eaten rice?	3.	Has rice been eaten by Mary?
4.	What has Mary done?	4.	What has been done by Mary?
5.	What has Mary eaten?	5.	What has been eaten by Mary?
Present Perfect Continuous
1.	Mary has been eating rice.	1.	Rice has been being eaten by Mary.
2.	Mary hasn’t been eating rice.	2.	Rice hasn’t been being eaten by Mary.
3.	Has Mary been eating rice?	3.	Has rice been being eaten by Mary?
4.	What has Mary been doing?	4.	What has been being done by Mary?
5.	What has Mary been eating?	5.	What has been being eaten by Mary?
Simple Past
1.	Mary ate rice.	1.	Rice was eaten by Mary.
2.	Mary didn’t eat rice.	2.	Rice wasn’t eaten by Mary.
3.	Did Mary eat rice?	3.	Was rice eaten by Mary?
4.	What did Mary do?	4.	What was done by Mary?
5.	What did Mary eat?	5.	What was eaten by Mary?
Past Continuous
1.	Mary was eating rice.	1.	Rice was being eaten by Mary.
2.	Mary wasn’t eating rice.	2.	Rice wasn’t being eaten by Mary.
3.	Was Mary eating rice?	3.	Was rice being eaten by Mary?
4.	What was Mary doing?	4.	What was being done by Mary?
5.	What was Mary eating?	5.	What was being eaten by Mary?
Past Perfect
1.	Mary had eaten rice.	1.	Rice had been eaten by Mary.
2.	Mary hadn’t eaten rice.	2.	Rice hadn’t been eaten by Mary.
3.	Had Mary eaten rice?	3.	Had rice been eaten by Mary?
4.	What had Mary done?	4.	What had been done by Mary?
5.	What had Mary eaten?	5.	What had been eaten by Mary?
Simple Future
1.	Mary will eat rice.	1.	Rice will be eaten by Mary.
2.	Mary won’t eat rice	2.	Rice won’t be eaten by Mary.
3.	Will Mary eat rice?	3.	Will rice be eaten by Mary?
4.	What will Mary do?	4.	What will be done by Mary?
5.	What will Mary eat?	5.	What will be eaten by Mary?
Future Perfect
1.	Mary will have eaten rice.	1.	Rice will have been eaten by Mary.
2.	Mary won’t have eaten rice.	2.	Rice won’t have been eaten by Mary.
3.	Will Mary have eaten rice?	3.	Will rice have been eaten by Mary?
4.	What will Mary have done?	4.	What will have been done by Mary?
5.	What will Mary have eaten?	5.	What will have been eaten by Mary?
Future Perfect Continuous
1.	Mary will have been eating rice.	1.	Rice will have been being eaten by Mary.
2.	Mary won’t have been eating rice.	2.	Rice won’t have been being eaten by Mary.
3.	Will Mary have been eating rice?	3.	Will rice have been being eaten by Mary?
4.	What will Mary have been doing?	4.	What will have been being done by Mary?
5.	What will Mary have been eating?	5.	What will have been being eaten by Mary?

 

The Story Of Bawang Putih and Bawang Merah

Bawang Putih lived with her step mother and her step sister, Bawang Merah. Bawang Putih’s mother died when she was a baby. Her father remarried another woman and later her step sister was born. Unfortunately, not long after that her father died. Since then, Bawang Putih’s life was sad. Her step mother and her step sister treated Bawang Putih badly and always asked her to do all the household chores.

One morning, Bawang Putih was washing some clothes in a river. Accidentally, her mother’s clothes were washed away by the river. She was really worried so she walked along the river side to find the clothes. Finally she met an old woman. She said that she kept the clothes and would give them back to Bawang Putih if she helped the old woman do the household chores. Bawang Putih helped her happily. After everything was finished, the old woman returned the clothes. She also gave Bawang Putih a gift. The old woman had two pumpkins, one pumpkin was small and the other one was big. Bawang Putih had to choose one.

Bawang putih was not a greedy girl. So she took the small one. After thanking the old woman, Bawang Putih then went home. When she arrived home, her step mother and Bawang Merah were angry. They had been waiting for her all day long. Bawang Putih then told about the clothes, the old woman, and the pumpkin. Her mother was really angry so she grabbed the pumpkin and smashed it to the floor.

Suddenly they all were surprised. Inside the pumpkin they found jewlries. “Bawang Merah, hurry up. Go to the river and throw my clothes into the water. After that, find the old woman. Remember, you have to take the big pumpkin,” the step mother asked Bawang Merah to do exactly the same as Bawang Putih’s experience. Bawang Merah immediately went to the river. She threw the clothes and pretended to search them. Not long after that, she met the old woman. Again she asked Bawang Merah to do household chores.

She refused and asked the old woman to give her a big pumpkin. The old woman then gave her the big one. Bawang Merah was so happy. She ran very fast. When she arrived home, her mother was impatient. She directly smashed the pumpkin to the floor. They were screaming. There were a lot of snakes inside the pumpkin! They were really scared. They were afraid the snakes would bite them. “Mom, I think God just punished us. We had done bad things to Bawang Putih. And God didn’t like that. We have to apologize to Bawang Putih,” said Bawang Merah.

Finally both of them realized their mistakes. They apologized and Bawang Putih forgave them. Now the family is not poor anymore. Bawang Putih decided to sell all the jewelries and used the money for their daily lives.